Morphometry of the human sperm

The quality of spermatozoa has a direct influence on the fertilization and developmental competence of embryos. The aim of this work was to review the methods of spermatozoa morphology assessment, features of the normal spermatozoa and the reasons of their several abnormalities. Three methods can be used for the evaluation of spermatozoa morphology in the in vitro fertilization IVF laboratory: 1 light microscopy of stained spermatozoa, 2 motile sperm organelle morphology examination MSOME and 3 polarized light microscopy. The analysis of spermatozoa morphology includes the assessment of head, neck, midpiece and tail. Before IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI , the quality of spermatozoa must be estimated exactly, because this has the high influence on embryo development. Therefore the analysis of the morphological parameters of spermatozoa using the light microscopy, MSOME, in combination with precise head birefringence detection using the polarized microscopy, could give the best fertilization rate and embryo quality after IVF and ICSI.

Maree, S. Menkveld, G. Assessment of sperm morphology including morphometry is extensively used to determine one of the qualities of a semen sample and depends on the differential staining of spermatozoa. A staining technique should cause as little change to sperm dimensions and form as possible in order to reliably evaluate the morphometric features of the sperm. Various staining techniques have been employed, but only a few have been recommended by the World Health Organization and are amenable to automated sperm morphometry analysis. Head dimensions of fresh spermatozoa were measured with a digital calliper on a computer screen. The minimum number of spermatozoa to be analyzed to represent the sperm population and the degree of inter-laboratory variation were determined.

Fourteen morphological forms of human spermatozoa were analysed morphometrically using semi-automated image analysis techniques. Five basic area, perimeter, length, width and mass and five derived ratio, length minus width, ellipticity, form and total mass parameters were considered. Statistical analysis showed differences among all 14 types of human sperm heads. Basic parameters describing the size and shape were enough to distinguish most of the categories, whereas derived parameters as well as parameters dependent on stain intensity, were demonstrated to be useful for the discrimination of some morphological categories. The fact that statistical analysis showed differences among all 14 sperm types provides evidence for the reliability of our morphological classification.

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